CME Information

Statement of Needs

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care recommend that all patients with diabetes should have annual measurements of serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), regardless of the presence of albuminuria. Staging based on eGFR helps clinicians identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who should be screened for additional complications, such as anemia. About 50% of patients with diabetes and predialysis CKD have anemia, as defined by hemoglobin levels of ≤12 g/dL. Anemia, which is associated with decreased quality of life and reduced functional capacity, also contributes to renal decline and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Treatment of anemia with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) can improve exercise tolerance, cognitive function, and quality of life, as well as prevent LVH progression in patients with CKD. Recent data provide important guidance on the optimal approach to anemia treatment with ESAs in order to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Early diagnosis, assessment, and management of CKD-related anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are important and present significant challenges to the clinician.

Learning Objectives

• Describe the complexity of anemia in patients with T2DM across the different stages of CKD
• Discuss the effects of anemia on patients with CKD and T2DM
• Assess the early identification and treatment of anemia in patients with CKD and T2DM
• Select treatment options for patients with anemia, CKD, and T2DM

Credit Designation Statement
SCEPTER designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits^TM. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Accreditation Statement
SCEPTER is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Audience
This program has been developed for endocrinologists, diabetologists, and other health care professionals who are interested in the treatment of complications and comorbidities of diabetes. No prerequisites are required to participate in this activity.

Policy on Disclosure and Disclosure Information
SCEPTER adheres to the ACCME Essential Areas and Policies, including the Standards for Commercial Support, regarding industry support of CME. Disclosure information is provided during the planning process to ensure resolution of any identified conflicts. Disclosure of faculty and commercial relationships, as well as the discussion of unlabeled or unapproved use of any drug, device, or procedure by the faculty, will be disclosed to learners.

Faculty Disclosures
The faculty for this activity reported the following:

Lawrence Blonde, MD, FACP, FACE, has received grant and/or research support from Amylin Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Novartis Corporation, Pfizer Inc, and sanofi aventis. He has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Abbott, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, LifeScan, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc, and sanofi aventis. He has received consultant honoraria from KOS Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Blonde has also disclosed that his spouse is a stock shareholder of Amylin Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer, Inc, in an account that is not part of their community property.

George L. Bakris, MD, FAHA, FASN, has received grant and/or research support from Forest Laboratories, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Myogen Inc., and NIDDK/NHLBI of the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Bakris also serves on the speakers' bureaus, and/or is a consultant for Abbott, Boehringer- Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company/Sanofi-Aventis, Forest Laboratories, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Merck & Co., Inc., Myogen Inc., Novartis Corporation, Sankyo Pharma, and Walgreens Co.

Richard A. Lafayette, MD, FACP, has received grant and/or research support from Amgen, Ortho Biotech Products, L.P., and Roche. He is a consultant for Ortho Biotech Products, L.P.

The members of the faculty for this activity have indicated that their presentations will not include discussion of off-label, experimental, or investigational use of drugs or devices.

Educational Partner Disclosure
The content collaborators at the Education Partner Company reported the following:
The internal staff of Quintiles Medical Education reports no conflict or financial interest with any manufacturers of products or providers of services.

Disclaimer
The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsor, the educational partner, or the supporter. Please review complete prescribing information of specific drugs or combination of drugs, including indications, contraindications, warnings, and adverse effects before administering pharmacologic therapy to patients.